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Chris Miller: obviously, this is our lunch and learn type of activity that we do at create. And today we have Dr. Khalid Tantawi


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Chris Miller: that is going to give us a enhancing engineering retention with fun in using the engineering box. And as you know about create energy. Most of us, I see online, we've all done this before. So if you visit createenergy.org, you can see activities and lessons that we've done in the past sign up for future summer sessions that we're gonna run for teacher institutes. And in fact, there we go. There's some upcoming spring webinars that are going to be happening here.


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Chris Miller: So anyways, I see most of us are old hats. This video is being recorded so we can come back to it later, and I think what I do now is, let me introduce you to Dr. Khalid Tantawi. He is the associate professor in Mechatronics at the University of Texas, at Chattanooga.


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Chris Miller: He has a Phd. And a master's of science in electrical engineering from the University of Alabama, in Huntsville, as well as a double Wow, holy Cow, a double masters in science in aerospace engineering from the Institute of Superior Aeronautics and Space, and the University of Pisa.


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Chris Miller: He is a program evaluator for the Abet etac commission, and he previously served as a trainer for the Siemens Technic Academy.


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Chris Miller: Dr. Todd


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Chris Miller: Tantawi served as the academic auditor for the Tennessee Board of Regents, and is a panelist for the Tennessee, Texas, or I'm sorry. Tennessee Textbook Advisory Panel for the Tennessee Department of Education. He he also founded the Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Chapter at Utc and is@skillsusa. And the American Chemical Society chapters at Oh, holy cow. You were at Motlaw State Community College. I didn't know that


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Chris Miller: he has more than 60 journals and reference publications, and he's an active member of I. Triple E, the Society of Manufacturing Engineers, the Chemical Society of America, the Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Society, as well as the Tennessee Academy of science. So at this point I'm going to turn it over on this wonderful exercise, and I'm looking forward to hearing all of the exciting things, Khalid, and thank you for doing this for us.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Thank you so much, Chris. So let me share my screen.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Okay, do you see my screen?


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Khalid H Tantawi: Okay, alright, thanks. Everyone for joining in this webinar.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And I'll be presenting the phone with engineering box.


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Khalid H Tantawi: For enhancing student enrollment and retention.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So basically, here, what is the purpose of this. Basically this bot.


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Khalid H Tantawi: it's obviously actually to increase enrollment and retention for engineering students.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Now, there are 2 so I'm sure everyone actually went to recruitment activities in different high schools or middle schools, or different other colleges.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And what I came to realize from my experience with that


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Khalid H Tantawi: is that there are 2 requirements when you go to for recruitment number one, simplicity


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Khalid H Tantawi: and number 2 to to have something up that is related to an application, in other words, an applied science.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So and with these 2, we can recruit students because there's a significant population of students that we can recruit


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Khalid H Tantawi: thus are underrepresented in engineering.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So, for example, let's let's look at, let's look at the the current challenges for engineering number one.


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Khalid H Tantawi: the dropout rate in engineering and engineering technologies actually nationwide according to the Asme is 50%.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So so in other words, with 50% of the students that enroll, they either change majors or they drop out.


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Khalid H Tantawi: and the the majority of them half of them.


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Khalid H Tantawi: They drop out within the 1st year. So they are freshmen.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So so if you, if you can 10th of that year


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Khalid H Tantawi: in the 1st year, and they are basically in the high school or in the freshman year.


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Khalid H Tantawi: then you can reach out to to 25 to 25% of the total enrollment. There's half of the


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Khalid H Tantawi: dropouts, a 50% dropout.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Now, the second thing is that let's look at. For example, the underrepresented populations, for for instance.


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Khalid H Tantawi: African Americans make up about 12% of the population.


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Khalid H Tantawi: but they only make up 4% of the workforce of the engineering workforce.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Hispanics make about 16%, but they only make up 10% or 10.9% of the engineering workforce. And the same thing for native Americans, 1% and point 35%. So there's also


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Khalid H Tantawi: a big population that we can recruit from.


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Khalid H Tantawi: The 3rd thing is that women make up 50%, of course, of the population.


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Khalid H Tantawi: but they only make up up to 22% of the engineering workforce according to the National Science Foundation.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So, in other words, the majority of the population actually


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Khalid H Tantawi: can be recruited, and they are underrepresented in engineering. Of course there are several several factors for that.


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Khalid H Tantawi: but I mean like I will go over them like quickly, like, for example, meth, and anxiety according to several sources, and I have put the references in the back.


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Khalid H Tantawi: This basically contributes to is a major contributor to having this large dropout of students from engineering.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And it's actually so, generally speaking, female students are more susceptible, susceptible to math and anxiety than male students.


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Khalid H Tantawi: and the reason for that there's some reason, but one of the major reasons that the educational delivery system has been developed for thousands of years to


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Khalid H Tantawi: focus on or optimized for male students, for for the young boys.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And as a result, it's not optimized for the female students.


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Khalid H Tantawi: There's also the historical influence of family. For example, engineering has been historically labeled as a male profession.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So because of this is difficult to remove this


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Khalid H Tantawi: idea from the minds of the of the kids.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Now, other reasons, also, the lower access to qualified staff at schools in minority dominated areas. And also there are other reasons.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So how can we address these issues? Basically.


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Khalid H Tantawi: one good approach is called the systems approach.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So using the systems approach, basically, you


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Khalid H Tantawi: rather than start with a theory


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Khalid H Tantawi: from year one or and year 2. And the students only see theory. That's what which which basically causes them to drop out.


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Khalid H Tantawi: You just simply start with the application. You tell them, why are you studying this theory and this? Actually, you can apply it just from young ages. Just by using very simple applications.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And in in 1 h or 45 min you can basically run several experiments that can make students understand the principles of


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Khalid H Tantawi: different things in engineering, like, for example, of true magnetism.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So in this box, which I actually have the the parts here next to me.


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Khalid H Tantawi: I put actually several applications in simple circuits. And I and one of the main conditions that I looked for is simplicity, very the simplest possible circuits, so that students in high schools or in 1st year college can build them and and understand the principles.


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Khalid H Tantawi: One of the major things actually, that attracts students, especially in the high schools and the middle schools.


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Khalid H Tantawi: is, for example, solar power. Solar power is really like the winning. It's the winning application


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Khalid H Tantawi: for this. There's also, for example, anything that includes dynamic things like, for example, a motor, anything that moves, that has kinetic energy in it, like, for example, a motor that's activated by shining light on it. And I'll show you the circuits. Now, there's also a whole sets of experiments


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Khalid H Tantawi: for electromagnetism. Now, when I, when I went to school.


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Khalid H Tantawi: electromagnetism was one of the most. It's actually was probably the most difficult. It's a very difficult subject for students. It's basically all theory.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And here I looked for experiments that can demonstrate the theory very, very easily.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So I'll present these briefly today.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Now let me show you the contents in a video, and I'll explain them and go over them briefly.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So one of the 1st things. Actually, though, I I mean continuously improve it and introduce things like, for example, here.


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Khalid H Tantawi: if you want to explain, for example, the principles of electromagnetism, basically, you have copper.


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Khalid H Tantawi: and the plastics will cover. If you have a magnet, for example.


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Khalid H Tantawi: if you throw it in the copper, basically, what happens?


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Khalid H Tantawi: It's a magic field will be developed because an electric current is developed.


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Khalid H Tantawi: and it slows down the the magnet. But if you drop it in the in, for example, the plastic pipe, it will just free fall, and there's like a different. There's a noticeable difference in speed.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So this basically explains the principle of electromagnetism.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Now these here that you see


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Khalid H Tantawi: this is the a trend. This is the transmitter called the Marconi Transmitter. It's it's a very simple transmitter, wireless transmitter.


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Khalid H Tantawi: This is a very simple receiver. I call this the simplest. The world's simplest wireless transmitter receiver.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And here this to explain polarization.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And there's different ways to explain it. But it's basically


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Khalid H Tantawi: yeah. We're gonna go over it. And this. Here is the light controlled fan, as you see. Here's a fan or DC motor, and when you shine the light on this sensor here.


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Khalid H Tantawi: as you see, the fan turns on.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So these are. And basically this, along with the soar experience, are the ones that attract the most for middle school and high school students.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Now here.


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Khalid H Tantawi: this is the wireless transmitter receiver, as you see, they are called. It's called polarization. So they have antennas, you know. It's the antennas. Here.


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Khalid H Tantawi: They both intents are horizontally polarized, and there's a light here. There's an led light over here that turns on. Whenever. So, for example, you place


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Khalid H Tantawi: this in between, it will block it, but when you place it vertically polarized, it will not.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Now, if we we can actually merge these together. So, for example, if I take the receiver here in this case.


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Khalid H Tantawi: if I take the light here


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Khalid H Tantawi: and connect it to this light sensor here. So this is led.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Now I put it in so that it's right in front of the light sensor. You know weapons. Once you turn on the transmitter.


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Khalid H Tantawi: it's going to transmit the signal here, and the fan will turn on.


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Khalid H Tantawi: and if you use, for example, the here, the the here, the the wire blocker, it will block the signal, and the fan will turn off. So this is basically.


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Khalid H Tantawi: let's say, the core experiments.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So and all of these are very simple to build them. It will take you


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Khalid H Tantawi: like in in 45 min. You can actually build these and explain them. Within 45 min. For, let's say, a senior high school or 1st year student.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And now let's go to the next slide.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Now, along with the like, I said, the the winning one for for middle school and the high school. And let's say, younger high schools is the solar power.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So these basically, I got this from horizon educational.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And it's basically a solar panel with a motor with a fan.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So these.


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Khalid H Tantawi: are really good, because when when they when when you start a session, for example, the recruitment session. When you go to high school


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Khalid H Tantawi: I give the students these, and immediately once they exit the building, the the fan starts spinning full speed, and this gets them engaged


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Khalid H Tantawi: in the in the in the session. And then after that, I show them the light control DC motor, and they that that makes them that blows their minds. And then we have the the rest of the circuits.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So let me let me talk about the light control, DC motor.


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Khalid H Tantawi: As you see, it's a very simple circuit. And this circuit can be used. For for example, for automatic night light. You just basically switch these 2 here the light resistor, the sensor and the resistor here, and it becomes an automatic night light or an automatic night. DC motor.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And here this is the Ldr that you basically shine a light on it, using just any


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Khalid H Tantawi: you know any one of any lights


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Khalid H Tantawi: that you can that you, you know, a source of light.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And this is actually one of this is really one of the main things that kids love to play with.


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Khalid H Tantawi: It's a very simple circuit, as you see, just a transistor or motor, and the 2 and Ldr. And the resistor.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And here we have what I call the world's simplest wireless transmitter receiver.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And it's very important to make it very simple, because otherwise you're just gonna


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Khalid H Tantawi: overwhelm the students. And they're just gonna they'll just say, and I have had experience with that. They will just simply say, Well, it's not for me.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So to avoid that, I make sure the the condition is that it must be very simple.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And this here actually consists. And the good thing about this, by the way, is that


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Khalid H Tantawi: you can connect with any sensor.


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Khalid H Tantawi: and it becomes basically any whatever you like like. For example, I connect, for instance, a metal, a inductive sensor.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Through a transistor. To this it becomes a metal detector, a wireless metal detector like the students are using here in this picture, as you see, there's a an inductive sensor that's connected to it.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And they are basically testing different objects, you know, to see if it catches a signal or not.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Now, this actually transmits the the signal to a plc that's sitting here, and the Plc. Makes it turns on a lamp and makes a noise, turns on a horn, or you know, when, whenever a metal whenever they detect a metal.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Now this circuit is also extremely simple.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Its business consists of only a relay.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So just a really, that's all.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And it's called the Marconi transmitter.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Basically, when you connect a relay, the coil of the relay to the the normally closed contact of the relay


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Khalid H Tantawi: in series.


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Khalid H Tantawi: What's gonna happen. The the content is gonna turn on and off. It will resonate, basically.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And as a byproduct it will emit electromagnetic waves.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And one of the ways is at one gigahertz. So you need an antenna. Basically, it's called a dipole antenna. There's 15 cm about 7 and a half centimeters, or about 3 inch 2 or 3 inches long on each side.


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Khalid H Tantawi: and you have that's it. You have a transmitter, then.


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Khalid H Tantawi: if you connect to it, for example, here, like I said, a sensor through a transistor you will have. You can use any application you like. For example, like I said, you can use a metal detector if you have an inductive sensor. But it's basically, for if you want to do this, I would recommend that for college or senior high school only.


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Khalid H Tantawi: otherwise you can just bring it prepared, like I do


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Khalid H Tantawi: for the middle schoolers and the 9th and 10th graders, and lower.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So here, now, that was a transmitter.


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Khalid H Tantawi: The receiver is also like the simplest you can find


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Khalid H Tantawi: anywhere on the web. So this is. This consists only of 3 transistors, as you see, 3 transistors, those who know what's this transistor? They are just cascaded


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Khalid H Tantawi: 3. And here we have a diode called the High Speed High Switching speed. Diode


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Khalid H Tantawi: and I put the numbers here in case anyone wants to, you know, build that.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Actually, any transistor will work, any Npn transistor will work. But here you will need high high speed diodes, and that's it. Here you can put any load like, for example, I actually use. I put a a buzzer.


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Khalid H Tantawi: But here, in this case you can put, for example, an led light. Of course an led light will need a resistor.


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Khalid H Tantawi: and I told them at the current.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And voila! That's that's the the receiver.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Now, the distance they can transmit signals up to like a few feet, maybe 6 or 7 feet, or even longer, a little longer depending on


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Khalid H Tantawi: how you connected.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So this, basically, like, I said, you can use it for numerous applications. You can connect to that transmitter any sensor and transmit signals.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Now, we can go over some theory like, for example, the wavelength. I will show them like the wavelength in relation to the antenna link.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Or I mean, like a different basic theory to explain what's going on


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Khalid H Tantawi: this is basically more in-depth theory how you know, there's how the electronic waves propagate.


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Khalid H Tantawi: I can. I can actually show you these here. So this is basically the transmitter. I don't know if you can hear when I turn it on.


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Khalid H Tantawi: This is the relay.


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Khalid H Tantawi: The relay is now basically resonating, and it's transmitting


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Khalid H Tantawi: waves. And here we have. This is the receiver.


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Khalid H Tantawi: I don't know if you can see the light.


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Khalid H Tantawi: The light is.


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Ken Walz: Yeah, we can. We can see it. Well, kind of depends on how you hold it. Yup.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Yeah. So so, anyway, yeah. So so if you, for example, polarize them in this way like this.


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Khalid H Tantawi: that is both horizontally polarized, they will see each other, but if you actually flip them like this they won't be. They won't be able to see each other, because one of them is vertically, the other is horizontally polarized.


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Khalid H Tantawi: This is basically polarization. That's bring us to another experiment, which is polarization.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And basically like, I said, so if you are, if they are both polarized in the same direction.


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Khalid H Tantawi: they will see each other. If you put, for example, a mesh in between that is polarized in the same direction. It will block


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Khalid H Tantawi: the the electrical field.


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Khalid H Tantawi: so it will block the electromagnetic wave, and therefore it will. They won't see each other.


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Khalid H Tantawi: If you polarize this in the vertical direction like this


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Khalid H Tantawi: the electrical field can propagate through, and so they will still be each other, be able to see each other out actually like you saw in the in the video previously.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Now, this is related to, of course.


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Khalid H Tantawi: and 3D movies. So 3D movies, basically, when you put on the glasses.


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Khalid H Tantawi: One lens is vertically polarized, and the other lens is is horizontally polarized.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Now they project the image from 2 different projectors. One projector is, for example, horizontally polarized, and one projector is vertically polarized.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So this, horizontally polarized will be able to to pass through this lens. The one that is vertically polarized, will be able to pass through this lens.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And that's how they create the depth. So basically, it's it's like tricking the eyes. One eye sees one image, the other cannot see it. And that's how you see the depth in 3D movies.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And you can demonstrate that in the using these simple circuits


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Khalid H Tantawi: so like I said here. So when you put, for example, when you horizontally polarize these 2, you insert this in between that is, in a vertical direction


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Khalid H Tantawi: they will be able to see each other. But when you put it like this in the horizontal direction.


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Khalid H Tantawi: it's it will not allow the electrical field to pass through. So this will not see anything.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So this is basically how you know 3D movies work


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Khalid H Tantawi: now, you can also like, I said, there are numerous applications that you can use it, for, for example. here we have


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Khalid H Tantawi: the wireless metal detector circuit that I showed you before. If you connect an inductive sensor through a transistor to that transmitter. Now, you can transmit. And then he actually, I have to basically use a Plc a programmable logic controller.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And basically it does anything you like like. For example, here I made it turn on a light and turn on a buzzer, and it's connected to the receiver.


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Khalid H Tantawi: and another application can use is like this, a radar like, for example, here, with the transmitter and the receiver, and with something for nearby, it will detect the metal, and this will turn on a light or a buzzer, for example.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So I'll show you, for example, here.


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Khalid H Tantawi: this is going to be this final slide


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Khalid H Tantawi: 1st off with the metal clock.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So she's basically testing on her own.


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Khalid H Tantawi: I don't know if you can hear the beep and the light.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So here, for example, the wax doesn't turn on. But


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Khalid H Tantawi: the middle part turns on the beep.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And yeah, so this is basically an application.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And oh, I'm just turn it off.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And these are the references.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Thanks so much. I think there are questions I I noticed there are questions in the chat.


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Ken Walz: I've got a question for you, Khalid, if you don't mind. Well, the 1st one just to comment, I wish you would have done these kinds of experiments in my high school electronics class that would have been fantastic.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Thanks. Keith.


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Ken Walz: But my my question for you is, I'm just curious to know what age groups you've used the kit with and what kinds of classes or student groups you've you've exposed with this tech.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Yeah. So so actually, so we we used mainly for high schools middle schools.


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Khalid H Tantawi: even primary schools. I can't remember. It's probably primary schools, high primary schools.


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Khalid H Tantawi: and of course, college. So college students. But it's it's mainly really, for I mean, the most


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Khalid H Tantawi: attention you receive from are from the high schools. So so if it's basically, but but the middle schools, basically, I actually just prepared them. I just prepare everything for the students and show them the different things, just asking, like simple, very simple questions, like, What is engineering? What is, you know? Mechatronics, electricity, things like that. But if it was like high schools, the same thing like 9th and 10th grades, maybe a little higher.


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Khalid H Tantawi: If it was a 12th grade, I actually, I didn't actually build a circus. I don't know if you can see here, let me just try to


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Khalid H Tantawi: like because of the background.


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Khalid H Tantawi: I remove the bear. But anyway, like so so basically, I put, I guide them. I give them breadboards, the breadboards, actually the most difficult part


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Khalid H Tantawi: for them. They just cannot. It's difficult for them to comprehend how you know, connect, make connections on the breadboard, so I have to like, guide them with the, you know. Draw for them where to what to do.


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Khalid H Tantawi: but I mean, that also depends on how much time you have. So like. 1 h will be sufficient to build these. And, like I said. They are the simplest you can find online like the transmitter and the receiver.


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Khalid H Tantawi: just the receiver, just 3 transistors with a diode and the the transmitters. Just the relay. That's it.


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Khalid H Tantawi: I couldn't find that simpler than that.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And the good thing is that you can do all these 4 experiments. The solar, the panel with the light, the Mo. The DC. The the light control DC motor, the transmitter and the wireless transmitter receiver. Within 1 h.


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Ken Walz: Do. Do do you find that? The high school students have some knowledge of like what a transistor is and how it works these days. I I don't know that that would have been covered when I was in high school.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Oh no! Actually.


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Ken Walz: It's kind of a black box for them.


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Khalid H Tantawi: It's it's just a black box for them. Yeah.


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Ken Walz: Yeah.


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Khalid H Tantawi: No, they don't. The high schools don't know but I mean but like I mean electricity. Some of them have good knowledge of electricity.


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Khalid H Tantawi: but I mean, like, typically no, no transfer. They don't know. It's just for them a black box. Yeah, a lot of.


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Ken Walz: I understand circuits, I would imagine, from like physical science and stuff like.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Yeah, yeah, actually, a lot of times, I actually just bring one receiver with me. I just bring the receiver. I just make them build a transmitter.


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Khalid H Tantawi: But but the the most one that catches their attention.


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Khalid H Tantawi: That's what I start with, actually just started with that. Actually, this this semester. Actually, it's the the solar panel with the the motor.


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Khalid H Tantawi: I just it's just 2 connections you make, and sometimes just go outside the moment they go outside. It starts spinning, you know, and that really gets them engaged right away.


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Chris Miller: Hey, Khalid? This is Chris. I have, 2 specific questions. The 1st is, I could not see what brand of plc that you used. And the reason I'm asking that is, we are currently doing exactly this where we want to embed some of the electronics into our mechatronics for the typical high school students that will be coming to us and the new students that are in our current program. What kind of


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Chris Miller: how do you interface to that. Plc, I guess what I'm specifically asking for is the Plc code already written, that the input is already there. But they.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So, yeah, yeah.


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Chris Miller: Up and and just kind of talk us through that, because I'm actually dealing with that right at the moment.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Yeah. So so this was actually a student project. I mean, this is not something I mean, it was a student project.


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Khalid H Tantawi: But I sometimes like I would take it with me.


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Khalid H Tantawi: You know the plc, here.


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Khalid H Tantawi: It's the micro plc, it's by Eaton, this plc here. But I actually have used also the Siemens logo


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Khalid H Tantawi: I probably I don't have it right now with me. But the Siemens logo, it's the small it has like 4 inputs 6 outputs. Plc, it's it costs about like 100 to $150. You can get it.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And it's it's really robust and can be programmed. And you don't need actually a software. You can. Just you see this screen here, a small screen.


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Khalid H Tantawi: this actually can program it directly on the screen.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And that's really the reason why I bring it, because you don't need to deal with any software, just open it, and you put the program in it.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So that's the good thing.


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Khalid H Tantawi: But but this here that you see this plc, it comes actually from a trainer.


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Khalid H Tantawi: I think, by lab vault it was already, I mean, set up. There's a train already that came with all this, you know here.


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Khalid H Tantawi: which I mean was simpler. I mean, you can just do the connections quickly.


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Khalid H Tantawi: But I mean, like we did build things like this with with a smaller plc, with a micro plcs


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Khalid H Tantawi: you know the different circuits you know. But in this case, in this special case here, we use actually, directly this from the trainer, the level trainer.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Now, now, how to interface with this? It's actually so what I did actually, the signal that was received.


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Khalid H Tantawi: I use it. Actually, I connected to to a Mosfet transistor.


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Khalid H Tantawi: and the Musset transistor sends the signal into the Plc. The Plc, by the way, actually works on


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Khalid H Tantawi: it can work on voltages from around like


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Khalid H Tantawi: from around 9 volts to 24 volts. They all will send the signal for you.


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Khalid H Tantawi: So, in other words, like, it doesn't have to be 24 volts. You can just 12 volts. It will be sufficient.


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Khalid H Tantawi: The same thing for the sensors here. The sensor 12 volt sensor will work fine with 9 volt. Battery.


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Chris Miller: That's awesome. And I this, we're getting into the same thing. You couldn't have hit a more timely topic for us individually here at our school and getting into it.


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Chris Miller: Well, we're very quickly approaching the end of our half hour. Are there any other questions for Khalid before we sign off for our half hour activity of this wonderful Friday.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Thanks for saying also, I mean, I have put also here the components like, if you need, you know.


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Khalid H Tantawi: I put them here on the circuit diagrams


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Khalid H Tantawi: here. So for example, here, like, for instance, if you wanna like, ever try this, you know, you can just get these transistors actually. And any transistor will work. I tested with


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Khalid H Tantawi: the 2 9.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Oh, whatever, it's 2 9 0, 3, or with these, you know.


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Khalid H Tantawi: And but the the critical point, for example, here is to get the high speed. It must be high speed, a regular diode network. It has to be this particular diode, or something high speed


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Khalid H Tantawi: For this it has to be 12 votes, 12 volt. Actually, any, any, really any, any, really will work but


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Khalid H Tantawi: 12 volt relays or 9 volt relays will will be the best.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Yeah. And the voila.


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Chris Miller: That's great. And there's such a market for an untapped potential of students for getting into this area. So this this was excellent.


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Chris Miller: Well, thank you, everyone. And Khalid. Thank you so much. Wow! What an incredible presentation! And that will conclude our exercise and activity for the half hour on this wonderful Friday. Everyone have a wonderful weekend, and thank you again for participating.


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Ken Walz: Thank you so much, Chris. Thanks everyone


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Ken Walz: great to see you have a good weekend.


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Khalid H Tantawi: You too.


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Gabrielle Temple: Thanks. Everyone.


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Khalid H Tantawi: Thanks.